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Environment
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The studies addressed environmental exposures and their role in disease development.
Particulate matter (PM) is defined as anything in the air that is not a gas. Particulate matter (PM) includes a variety of chemicals and materials, some of which can be toxic. Data from over 80,000 people in a retrospective observational study (Dr. Giovanni Adami) in Italy found a positive association between PM levels measured at local air quality stations and the risk of autoimmune disease.
In fact, each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 concentration was associated with a 7% increased risk of developing autoimmune disease. Exposure to PM10 above 30 µg/m3 and PM2.5 above 20 µg/m3 was associated with a 12% and 13% increased risk of autoimmune disease, respectively.
When broken down by individual disease, exposure to PM10 was associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not other autoimmune diseases, while exposure to high PM2.5 concentrations was associated with an increased risk of RA and inflammatory bowel disease.
Overall, chronic exposure to air pollution from particulate matter above the human protective threshold was associated with a 10% higher risk of developing immune-mediated diseases.
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